Izwi ergogenicEms rinobva pamidzi yechiGiriki Ergon na ,genes, zvichireva basa uye zvarwa, zvichiteerana. Chero nzira dzekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwesimba kana kushandiswa dzinogona kutsanangurwa se ergogenic rubatsiro. 1 Ergogenic aids akaiswa muzvikamu zvishanu: mechiniki, zvepfungwa, physiologic, pharmacologic, uye zvinovaka muviri.2 Iko kushandiswa kwezwi razvino ergogenic rubatsiro inowanzo tenderera kune iyo physiologic, pharmacologic, uye hutano zvikamu.
Nepo rubatsiro rwe ergogenic rwakabatanidzwa kune emitambo doping, mazwi acho haana kufanana. Kudhirowa izita rinoshandiswa neInternational Olympic Committee (IOC) kutsanangura manejimendi kana kushandiswa kwechinhu nemumhanyi ari kukwikwidza aine chinangwa chega chekuwedzera nenzira yekunyepedzera uye isina kukodzera kuita kwake mukukwikwidza.3 Haasi ese ergogenic aids inorambidzwa neIOC. Rondedzero yakasarudzika yezvinhu zvakarambidzwa neUnited States Olympic Committee inowanikwa mu Tafura 1.2,3 Tafura 2 inopa runyorwa rweanowanzo shandiswa emitambo ergogenic aids.
Mukati
Ergogenic Aids:
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) zvigadzirwa zve testosterone zvinoshandisa vanabolic (chivakwa chemashiripiti) uye uyerogenic (masculinizing) zvinokanganisa muviri.3 Kubvira pakawanikwa chimiro chemakemikari e testosterone muna 1935, kuyedza kupatsanura vanabolic uye androgenic mhedzisiro yeAAS Hauna kubudirira.3 vatambi vanga vachishandisa AAS kubvira ma1940s mukuyedza kusimudzira mashandiro avo. 2 Ichinetsekana nekushungurudzwa kwakawanda kweAAS pakati pevatambi, IOC yakarambidza kushandiswa kweAAS mukutanga kwema1960. Iyo Anabolic Steroids Control Act yakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo mu2, ichiita mhosva kuva kana kugovera AAS yezvisiri zvekurapa muUnited States.1990 Oral, parenteral, transdermal, uye intra-nasal mafomu eAAS aripo. Iyo yakawanda yeASAS inoshandiswa nevatambi inofungidzirwa kuwanikwa pamusika mutema, sekungofungidzirwa chete kuti 3,4% kusvika 10% yeAAS inoshandiswa nevatambi mukusimudzira mashandiro inowanikwa nemushonga.15
AAS inofungidzirwa kuti inoshandisa maitiro avo makuru nekuwedzera vanabolic maitiro uye kudzivirira maitiro ekugadzirisa kuburikidza nemhinduro dzakagadziriswa mukati memasero akanangwa. 5 Migumisiro yeAAS inosanganisira: vanabolic kuvaka-up of muscle mass, the androgenic kukura kwechipiri varume zvepabonde maitiro, anti-catabolic reversal yecortisol's chiito, uye yakanangana nepfungwa mhedzisiro inofungidzirwa kubvumidza kuwedzera kwakasimba uye kwakasimba.2,5-8 Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zveAAS nevatambi zvakaburitsa mhedzisiro yakavhenganiswa.5,6 Dzimwe ongororo dzichangoburwa dzinotsigira pfungwa iyo AAS inogona kupa kuwedzera kwakakura mumhasuru uye simba muvatambi.2,5,6 Kuitira kuti kuwedzere mhedzisiro yeAAS pasimba uye vatambi vemasimba, chikafu chakaringana uye regimen yekurovedza muviri inodiwa.5 Panoratidzika kunge paine mukana mushoma unowanikwa uku uchishandisa AAS mune asina kudzidza.5,9 Bhenefiti yakawanikwa kubva kuAAS inosimbiswa mumitambo inoenderana nesimba. Dhata rinotsigira rakawedzera kugona kweaerobic uye kusimudzira kutsungirira neASAS kushandiswa kune mashoma uye hakugone.
Izwi rakaomarara rinotsanangura maitiro emadhivhuru evatambi akachinja. Vatambi vanowanzo shandisa AAS kweanopfuura matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri mavhiki masekonzi. 6 Pyramiding inotsanangura kuwedzera kwekuwedzera muyero yeAS yakatorwa pamusoro pekutenderera.12 Kubata kunosanganisira kushandiswa kweanopfuura rimwe AAS, kazhinji ne kudzedzereka kwemaitiro emimwe mishonga.4-2,11 Anarray inotsanangura maitiro ekushandisa mimwe mishonga kurwisa mhedzisiro kana kusimudzira mhedzisiro yeAAS.2 Maitiro ekuchovha bhasikoro, piramidhi, uye kurongedza anoshandiswa nevatambi mukuyedza kudzikisira zvakashata zvinokonzereswa neASAS uku uchiwedzera zvinoda kusimudzirwa.4 Panguva ino, hapana rutsigiro rwakasimba rwesainzi ruripo rweaya maitiro.3
Zvinokanganisa zvinokonzerwa nekushungurudzwa kweAAS zvakanyanyisa kupfuura zvekare.4,12 Mazhinji emigumisiro yeAAS inoonekwa sediki uye inogona kuchinja shure kwekuguma kwemashandisirwo.4 Kunyange zvazvo kuitika kwematambudziko makuru kubva kuAAS kushandiswa kwave kwakaderera, migumisiro yakaipisisa yakashushwa .13 Zvinyorwa zvakakonzerwa nekuparadzana kwemyocardial, stroke, uye hepatocarcinoma zvakanzi kunoshandiswa kweAAS.2,3 Zvinogara kwenguva refu zvekushandiswa kweAAS zvinowanzozivikanwa.3,11
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) inopedzisira kune testos- terone inogadzirwa zvikuru mumadzinza emvura .4,14 Zvitubu zvemhuka zveDHEA zvinosanganisira nyuchi dzomusango. Dhaka reDAA rakarambidzwa kushandiswa kweDHEA mu1996 nekuda kwehumwe uchapupu huripo hwekuchengeteka uye kukosha; zvisinei, DHEA inoramba iine mutemo uye yakakurumbira inotengeswa sekuwedzera kwekudya.14,15
Iyo mashandiro ekuita kweDHEA haina kunzwisiswa asi kazhinji inotenderera pakushandurwa kweDHEA kuita testosterone mumativi emukati.4,14 Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvinoratidza kuti DHEA inogona kunge iine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa kwechipatara kusanganisira anti-Alzheimer uye anti-Parkinson kugona, zvisinei zvakasarudzika, zvakapofumadzwa-zvakapofomadzwa kiriniki zvidzidzo zviri kushomeka.5
DHEA inotangira-cursor kune testosterone uye inoretically inogona kusimbisa mitambo inoshanda nenzira yakafanana neAAS. Kuongorora kwekushandisa kweDHEA uye kutamba kwemitambo kunoshaikwa.14 Zvidzidzo zviripo hazvibatsiri kuwedzera kwemazana emuviri masimba, simba, kana kuti testosterone nekushandiswa kweDHEA kune vatambi.14,16-18
Nguva yakareba migumisiro yeDHEA kushandiswa iye zvino haisati yazivikanwa asi zvichida yakangofanana neyo inosanganiswa neAAS kushandiswa.6,14
Androstenedione
Androstenedione is testosterone pre-cursor inogadzirwa mumadonal glands uye gonads. Vakatambi vemazuva ano vanoshamwaridzana vakashandisa izvi, vachizviisa kunyika yekucherechedza.2 Androstenedione inowanikwa zvakasikwa mumaruva eScotishish pine miti.19
Zvakafanana neDHEA, iyo nzira yekuita uye rutivi rwakaitwa ne androstenedione hainzwisisiki uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakabatana nekutendeuka kwe androstenedione kune testosterone mumakumbo emakumbo.5
Kunyangwe vanogadzira zvirevo zvinopesana, pane humbowo hushoma hwesainzi hweiyo inonzi ergogenic rubatsiro mhedzisiro ye androstenedione.2,5,16,20 Munguva pfupi yapfuura kunetsekana kwakakura pamusoro pekuchinja kusingafadzi muropa lipid uye coronary hosha yemoyo maficha anoonekwa mune varume vachishandisa androstenedione se ergogenic rubatsiro.2,20,21
Mishonga Supplements
Kuwedzera kwekuonekwa kwe ergogenic aids mune yekupedzisira dhizaini kwakaitika zvakanyanya nekuda kwekufamba kweUnited States Dietary Supplement Health uye Dzidzo Mutemo (DSHEA) we1994.22 Mamwe mavitamini, zvicherwa, amino acids, mishonga, uye kumwe kugadzirira kwebhodani kunogona kuva yakarongedzwa seye "chikafu chekuwedzera" pasi pemirairo yeDSHEA. Dhayeti inowedzera, semhedzisiro yeDSHEA, haisisiri pasi pekutungamira kwekutonga kweiyo FDA. Muchokwadi, zvinhu zvinotengeswa sekuwedzera kwekudya hazvidi FDA kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza kana kushanda, uye havafanirwe kusangana nemhando yepamusoro yekudzora inotarisirwa mishonga inogamuchirwa. 5 Zvemukati uye kuchena kwezvikafu zvekuwedzera hazvitemerwe uye zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. 5,23 , XNUMX Sezvo androstenedione uye DHEA zvakawanikwa zvichiitika zvakasikwa muzvinomera zvezvirimwa, izvi zvinotsigisa testosterone zvinogona kunzi dietary supplements uye zvinotengeswa zviri pamutemo pamusoro-pesa.
Efrita
Zvokudya zvinowedzera zvine Chinese ephedra, inozivikanwawo se Mahaung, inotengeswa sevashandisi vekuita uye zvinobatsira uremu-kurasikirwa. 24 Ephedra mhando dzemiriwo dzave dzichishandiswa kweanopfuura makore zviuru zvishanu pazvirwere zvekufema.5,000 Parizvino, ephedrine alkaloids inowanikwa mumazana ezvinyorwa uye zvinopfuura-izvo-zvigadzirwa, senge antihistamines , decongestants, uye chishuwo chekudzvinyirira.25-24 Ephedra uye ephedrine alkaloids inoenderana ndeyemiratidziro inomiririra epinephrine zvinokanganisa.
Ongororo dzakawanda dzekunze ephedrine alkaloids hadzina kujekesa kukura kwesimba kana kutsungirira pamataiti anonzi akachengeteka.24,27-31 Kusiyana neizvi, kusanganiswa kwe caffeine ne ephedrine kwave kuchibatanidzwa nekuvandudzika mukushanda uye kunogona kukurudzira migumisiro yemaitiro inobatsira muviri mafuta kurasikirwa.26,32
Izvo chaizvo zvemukati zveephedra alkaloids mune makumi maviri ephedra- ine zvekudya zvinowedzera zvakadzidzwa uchishandisa yakakwira- kuita kwemvura chromatography.20 Gumi remakumi maviri ekuwedzera anoratidzira kupesana kwakaratidzwa pakati pechiratidzo chekuda kweiyo ephedra yezvinyorwa uye izvo chaizvo alkaloid zvemukati. Pakati pa33 na1995, zviitiko mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe neshanu zvekubvira Mahuang chepfu zvakamhan'arwa kuKudya neDrug Ad- minister. Mune makumi matatu nematanhatu eaya 1997 kesi, iko kushandiswa kweMahuang kwakanzi kwaive mukati mevagadziri- dosing nhungamiro
Efrasi uye dzimwe sangano ephedrine alkaloids ikozvino inorambidzwa neUSOC uye haigoni kukurudzirwa kushandiswa kwevakawanda kupiwa kushamwaridzana kwavo pamwe chete nemigumisiro yehupenyu hunotyisa.2,34
Creatine
Creatine kushandiswa vatambi yawedzera somugumisiro munhu 1992 yokudzidza yairatidza kuti creatine supplementation pave 20% kuwedzera skeletal tsandanyama creatine concentration.2,35 Munguva phosphorylated chimiro, creatine kunoshanda simba substrate chinowedzera adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Re -synthesis panguva yepamusoro-simba.36 Creatine inowanzozivikanwa nesimba uye varwi vanomhanyisa sezvo inofungidzirwa kuti inowedzera kuwedzera musimba, musimba, uye kunonoka kuneta.2,14,36
Zvisikwa zvakagadzirwa kubva kumamino acids zvakanyanya muropa, pancreas, uye nehvo uye zvinodedzwa neitsvo. Creatine rinowanikwa skeletal tsandanyama, cardiac tsandanyama, uropi, retinal, uye testicular tissues.2,37 The kufarira creatine kuyamura ergogenic inotenderera kukwanisa kwayo kubatanidzwa ive simba substrate kuti tsandanyama contraction.14 Creatine, izvo nyore runokusunganidzai phosphorus, unogona ita se substrate kuti upe phosphorus pakuumbwa kweAATP. Uyezve, creatine-phosphate (PCr) inogona kubatsira kubvisa lactic acid nokuti hydrogen ions inoshandiswa apo ATP inodzokorodzwa.14,36,38 Iri basa rekusika mune zvekuvhima rinotungamirirwa nekuita zvinotevera:
PCr + ADP (adenosine diphosphate) ? Gadzira + ATP. (Metzl) Creatine kinase
Kazhinji PCr inotora inopera mukati me10 kwemaviri mashoma, yakanyanya-masimba.14,39 Kuwedzera kwezinga rePCr mumusana wemasaga, mukufungidzira, kunofanira kuita kuti kukwanisa kuchengetedza simba-refu rinopera kwenguva refu uye kutungamirira kuwedzerwa zvakare kwePC mushure mekuita zvekuita.14 Zvinobatsira zvekusika mukugadzirisa kudzidzira kudzivirira zvinogona kunge zvakapindirana nemutsananguro anotevera: kuwedzera musumbu kunokonzera kukanganisa, kuwedzerwa kudzidziswa kusimba, izvo zvinoita kuti kuwedzere muviri we physologic kugadziriswa kudzidziswa nekuwedzera musimba simba uye simba.36
Zvidzidzo kuongororwa kubudirira kwekusika sezvinonzi ergengenic rubatsiro rwakasanganiswa.2,36,40 Mishumo yakawanda inogumisa kuti nguva shomanana yekusimbiswa kwechikiki inowedzera kukwanisa kuchengetedza musimba simba uye simba rinobuda panguva yakanyanya-simba.-2,36,41,42 Data pamigumisiro ye creatine supplementation nevatambi vakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe mapepa arimo anozivisa kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwekusika kune vanhu vakadzidziswa zvikuru maererano nepamusoro-simba, vazhinji havaratidzi kuchinja.2,36,43
Vazhinji vanotsvakurudza vanobvumirana kuti creatine supplementation haifaniri kunge ichiwedzera mabasa aerobic-oriented.2,36,44
Tsandanyama yemunhu inofungidzirwa kuva nehukama hwakanyanya hwechisikwa chaunogona kubata.14,45 Panoita kunge pasina zvimwe zvekuwedzera kwekusika kwekuwedzera pamusoro peichi chinzvimbo chekuchengetedza tsandanyama sezvo kuwandisa kwacho kuchingobviswa neitsvo. .2,46 Vanhu vane nhanho dzekutanga dzakasiyana dzekugadzira mhasuru.14 Saizvozvo, vatambi vane mwero wepazasi wekusika wekusika vangave vane shungu yekuumba yekuwedzera pane avo vane mwero wekutanga wekusika. 14,36 Mazwi anoti "anopindura" uye onnonresponder ave achishandiswa kutsanangura mapoka maviri evamhanyi: avo vane yakaderera baseline creatine nhanho dzinogona kuratidza signi cant mashandiro ekusimudzira ne creatine supplementation, uye avo vane akakwirira ekutanga enzvimbo yemasikisi ayo asingaratidze kuvandudzwa kwakasarudzika ne creatine supplementation.14,36,47 , 14 Misiyano iyi mukusika kwekufungisisa inofungidzirwa kutamba signi cant chinzvimbo mune akasiyana mhedzisiro pane kuita kunowanikwa mune bvunzo dzezvinyorwa. - ing creatine yekuwedzera
Kuve nemigumisiro yemigumisiro kubva mukushandiswa kwekusika kwave kushayikwa.2,14 Iyo huru yakasvibiswa yechiratidzo inoshandiswa nekushandiswa kwekusika inowedzera kuwedzera, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti inonyanya kuguma kwekuchengetwa kwemvura.2,14,48 Vamwe vakave nemigumisiro yakareba kwenguva refu inosanganisira kuora mvura, kushungurudzika, uye kukanganisa.2,49 Kubva kushayikwa kwechidzidzo chekushaya zvidzidzo, kungwarira zvichiri kungoitika pamusoro pemigumisiro yenguva refu yekushandiswa kwekusika.14 Sekushandiswa kwevashandi pakati pevatambi vaduku vachiri kuwedzera, kunetseka kuri kukura pamusoro pekushayikwa kwezvidzidzo zvinongedza rutivi rwunoita migumisiro c c kuzera rezera iri.14,38
Human Growth Uwandu hwemakemikari
Kukura kwevanhu hormone (hGH) inonzi polypeptide inobudiswa mumutambo wepteritary anterior. Mushure mokunge wasunungurwa kubva pituitary, hGH inogona kuisa simba racho mumasero ose emuviri kuburikidza nemashizha ezvinyorwa. Kukura kwevanhu hormone kunoratidzwa kukurudzira protein anabolism, kubvumira kwekhabhohydrate, lipolysis, natriuresis, uye bone uye zvinogadzirisa zvinyorwa zvitsva.4,50
Mikana yekubatsira kweHGH kushungurudzwa muvatambi inotenderedza anabolic maitiro pamuviri. 4 Hormone yekukura kwevanhu inofungidzirwa kuwedzera mhasuru, uye inochengetedza mhasuru glycogen nekumutsa lipolysis panguva yekurovedza muviri.2,3 Kuzivikanwa kweHGH pakati pevatambi kunosimudzirwa chokwadi chekuti hGH inoramba ichinyanya kuoma kuona neazvino maitiro ekuongororwa kwezvinodhaka.3,51 Hormone yekukura kwevanhu inogona kuve inokwezva kune vatambi vechikadzi sezvo mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro inosanganisirwa neAAS yekushandisa isingafungidzirwe kuitika neHGH.4
Hapana hutsvakurudzo hunoratidza kuti chiratidzo chinowedzera mumitambo yevashandi nekushandiswa kweHGH.3,52,53 Madzidzisiro evanhu kana emhuka haaratidze chero simba rekuwana simba nekuwedzera kweHGH kushandisa kune vanhu vasiri vanhu.4 Kushandiswa kweHGH kunofungidzirwa kuti kuwedzera pasinei nekushayikwa kwemasayenzi eS s ekubatanidza hGH kuvaridzi vemitambo yakagadzirwa.3,52 Kuongororwa kwevarume vekusekondari kwakaratidza kuti vazhinji ve5% vakaratidza kushandiswa kwekare kana kushandiswa kweHGH.54 Kuchena kweHGH kunetswa nevatambi kunogona kuva varombo seDrug Enforcement Agency inofungidzira hurongwa hwokuti kusvika ku30% kusvika ku50% yeHGH michero yakatengeswa ndeye phony.4,55
Zvinosvibisa zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hweHGH zvinoshandiswa kubva pane zvinoratidzwa nevarwere vane hutano husingaperi hweHGH.2 Vanhu vakuru vane huwandu hwakawanda hweHGH vari pangozi yekliniki syndrome yeAcromegaly. Matambudziko ezvechiremba anowanikwa neacromgaly anosanganisira: chirwere cheshuga, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, menstrual irregularities, uye osteoporosis.2,4 Zvikamu zveHGH zvakanyanya kune vanhu vane mafirimu akazaruka zvinogona kutungamirira kugigantism.2
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Recombinant EPO (R-EPO) akabvumirwa neDare FDA kuti gadzira muna 1989 mushure EPO Gene yakanga yakaumbwa muna 1985.14 Kubvira ayo tendero, R-EPO ashungurudzwa nokuda mitambo azvipfumise serimwe rinogona kutsiva ropa doping.3,14 Recombinant EPO ane zvikurukuru akatsiva chiito chekuisa ropa, sezvo r-EPO inobereka kuwedzera-kuwedzerwa kwechirwere mu hematocrit.2 Mukutaura, r-EPO inofanira kupa zvose zvakanakira ropa doping pasina mungozi inosanganisira kuwedzerwa ropa.3
Kune zvishoma zvidzidzo zvinoongorora kushandiswa kweR-EPO mumitambo ine utano; zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuwedzera kwekushanda kwebasa nekuda kwe-r-EPO inoshandiswa kune varwere vane chirwere chinonyangadza.14 Berglund uye Ekblom vakataura kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kweokisijeni uye nguva yakawedzerwa kuneta mukati mevatambi vechidiki mushure mekunge 6 vhiki yekutongwa r -EPO.56
Njodzi dzinobatanidza ne-r-EPO kushungurudzwa dzinosanganisira zvinogona kukonzerwa nehematocrit yepamusoro.14 A kubudisa hyperviscosity syndrome kunogona kutadzisa kukanganisa kwemwoyo, huwandu hwepfungwa, uye kukanganisa kwemwoyo.3 Zvakare- zvakare, kugadziriswa kunogona kuratidzika sechirwere chemyocardial, mapurmoni embolism, kana zviitiko zveperebrovascular.2,3 Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwe-r-EPO kwakarambidzwa neIOC kubva ku1990, kushandiswa kwayo kwakaoma zvikuru kuona nekurapa mishonga yekuongorora mishonga.2,14
Antioxidants
Iyo antioxidant inokwanisa yevamwe mavitamini inotendwa nevakawanda kuti vadzivirire-kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemahara-radial anowanikwa panguva yekurovedza muviri.14 Nyaya dzakawanda dzekutsvakurudza kusvika zvino dzinosanganisira vitamini E, vitamini C, uye beta carotene.2 Mabhuku aripo haabatsiri pfungwa yokuti antioxidants ine yakakura ergogenic inyanzvi.2,14,57 Parizvino hapana mazano ekushandisa antioxidant mumatambi anopfuura anowirirwa munhu mukuru anorayirwa zuva rega rega (RDA).
Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) inonzi metabolite ye branched-chain amino acid leucine. HMB iri vakatodzidzisa kutitadzise tsandanyama kuparara panguva rinonetesa muviri asi ayo chaiyo mashandiro chiito chinoramba unknown.14,58 Studies dzinoratidza kuti HMB supplementation anogona yekudyidzana nechepazasi serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nechepazasi serum creatine phosphokinase (cpk Mumbai) nhanho uye kunonotsa ropa lactate kuunganidza pashure kutsungirira kudzidziswa kuenzaniswa ne placebo.59,60 Uyezve, nguva shomanana yeHMB kushandisa yakaratidzwa kuti iwedzere kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira-kudzidzira-kudzidziswa pamusoro pe placebo mune rumwe ruzivo rwakapofumadzwa kaviri.61
HMB inobatsira zvinyorwa zvitsva uye zvinyorwa zvakabudiswa zvinotorwa sekutanga.14,58 Kunyange zvazvo kune uchapupu hwekugona kubatsira ergogenic kubatsira neHMB kushandiswa pakurwisana nekutsungirira kurovedza, kushandiswa kwayo hakugoni kurudzirwa kusvikira zvimwe zvidzidzo zviri kuitwa uye zvingava nemigumisiro elicited.
zvine caffeine
Caffeine inonzi methylxanthine inowanzoitika mumarudzi akawanda emiti. Caffeine inofungidzirwa kuti inoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyo inoshungurudza manzwiro emagetsi e caffeine zvichida inokonzerwa neadrenergic receptor antagonism.3 Inoshandiswa nevatambi inobva padzidziso yokuti caffeine inogona kunonoka kuneta nekusimudzira maronda ekutengesa musimba uye kusimbisa musero glycogen mushure nekuwedzera mafuta emasabolism.6 Zviongororwa zvakawanda zvakashuma yakagadziridzwa nguva yekutsungirira nekushandisa caffeine.6,62,63 Pane uchapupu hwokuti kushandisa caffeine kunogona kuwedzera kushanda nekuwedzerwa kwakanyanya kwenguva yakareba yekuvhiya pamwe.2 Mafuta e caffeine anowanzobatanidzwa ne ergogenic effect inowanikwa mumabhuku kubva 3 kusvika ku 9 mg kilogram ye muviri weight.2,6
Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwekakineine zvinosanganisira kuzvidya mwoyo, diuresis, kusuruvara, kusagadzikana uye kuvhiringidzika kwepamuviri.2,6 Kuwedzerwa kwekenzaine kunodya kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba yakadai sekushaya mwoyo, kurwara, uye kunyange kufa.2,3
Uhu hwepamutemo weti ye caffeine yevatambi i12? G / ml (IOC zviyero) uye 15? G / ml (National Collegiate Athletics Association zviyero). 6 Mutambi angazofanira kunwa makapu matanhatu kusvika masere ekofi mune imwechete uye kuyedzwa mukati ma2 kusvika kumaawa matatu kusvika pamwero weti pamusoro pemuganhu weIT wepamutemo.3 Huwandu hwecaffeine inodiwa kuburitsa ergogenic mabhenefiti anogona kunge ari akaderera pane iwo anodikanwa kupfuudza muganho wezvemitambo.3
Ergogenic Aids: Summary
Zvikumbiro zvinotsigira zvekunze zvinhu zvinogadzira kurapa kana ergogenic masimba anga aripo kwemazana emakore. Kukwikwidzana, nharaunda inomanikidzwa nevezera kufukidza vatambi vemazuvano nevechiri kuyaruka zvinoita kuti mapoka aya anyanye kubatwa nemheremhere yakatenderedza misika yazvino ye ergogenic yekubatsira. Parizvino, zvinoita sekunge runyerekupe uye ruzivo rweanecdotal runokunda iro riripo resainzi data. Nepo paine humbowo hwekuti mamwe ma ergogenic anobatsira anoita kuti basa riwedzere, pane zvakawanda zvisina kupindurwa mibvunzo nezve chengetedzo yechigadzirwa, kushanda, uye mhedzisiro yenguva refu. Ruzivo rwekushanda rwe chaiwo ergogenic rubatsiro rwakakosha kune chiremba kurapa kuitira kuti zvakanakisisa vaudze varwere nevatambi sevangangobatsirika uye zvikwereti zvechinhu chipi nechipi chavanogona kushandisa.
NeAdern Bernstein, MD, Jordan Safirstein, MD, uye Jeffrey E. Rosen, MD
Kuongorora kweAmerica Kwechiropractic
Hazvina kuchena
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