Kunzwisisa Sacrum: Chimiro, Chimiro, uye Fusion

"Matambudziko akasiyana nesacrum anoumba kana kubatsira kune chikamu chakakosha chematambudziko ekumusana. Kunzwisisa anatomy uye basa rinogona kubatsira kudzivirira nekurapa kukuvara kwemusana? "

Sacrum

Sacrum ibhonzo rakaita seyakatarisa pasi pegonyo riri pa hwaro hwemusana iyo inobatsira kutsigira muviri wepamusoro kana wakagara kana wakamira uye inopa pelvic girdle kusanduka panguva yekusununguka. Inosanganisira ma vertebrae mashanu anobatana panguva yekukura uye anobatana nechiuno. Iri bhonzo rinotora uye rinoshingirira kudzvanywa kwese kwemuviri uye kushushikana kubva kumabasa emazuva ese uye mafambiro.

kudzidza

Vanhu vanozvarwa vane mana kusvika matanhatu sacral vertebrae. Nekudaro, kusanganisa hakuitike mune ese sacral vertebrae panguva imwe chete:

• Fusion inotanga neS1 uye S2.
• Sezvo munhu wacho achikura, chimiro chese che sacrum chinotanga kusimba, uye vertebrae inopinda muchimiro chimwe chete.
• Nzira yacho inowanzotanga pakati pemakore ekuyaruka uye inopera mukutanga kusvika pakati pemakore makumi maviri.
• Zvinotendwa kuti inotanga kare muvakadzi kupfuura varume.

Nguva yekusanganiswa inogona kushandiswa kufungidzira zera uye bonde remasara eskeletal. (Laura Tobias Gruss, Daniel Schmitt. nevamwe, 2015)

1. Sacrum pamunhukadzi ikapamhamha uye ipfupi uye ine yakawedzera curved pamusoro kana pelvic inlet.
2. Sacrum yechirume yakareba, yakamanikana, uye yakati sandara.

mamiriro

Sacrum ibhonzo risina kurongeka rinogadzira musana/posterior third ye pelvic bhanhire. Kune ridge mhiri kumberi / kwepamberi chikamu cheS1 vertebra inozivikanwa se sacral promontory. Makomba madiki/forameni kumativi ese esacrum anosara mushure mekunge vertebrae yabatana. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwema vertebrae, panogona kuva nemaforamu matatu kusvika mashanu kune rumwe rutivi, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kune mana. (E. Nastoulis, nevamwe, 2019)

1. Imwe neimwe anterior foramen inowanzo fararira kupfuura posterior kana dorsal/backside foramen.
2. Imwe neimwe sacral foramina / yakawanda yeforameni inopa chiteshi cheiyo sacral tsinga uye tsinga dzeropa.

• Madiki madiki anokura pakati peimwe neimwe yakasanganiswa vertebrae, inozivikanwa seyachinjika mitsetse kana mitsetse.
• Iyo yepamusoro ye sacrum inonzi nheyo uye yakabatanidzwa kune yakakura uye yakaderera ye lumbar vertebrae - L5.
• Iyo pasi yakabatana neiyo tailbone/coccyx, inozivikanwa seapex.
• Iyo sacral canal ine mhango, inomhanya kubva pachigadziko ichienda kumusoro, uye inoshanda semugero kumagumo emuzongoza.
• Mativi e sacrum anobatana kurudyi nekuruboshwe hudyu/iliac mapfupa. Nzvimbo yekunamatira ndeye auricular surface.
• Kuseri kweauricular surface ndiko sacral tuberosity, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo yekunamatira kune marunda anobata bhanhire repelvic pamwechete.

nzvimbo

Sacrum iri pamwero wezasi kumashure, pamusoro peiyo intergluteal cleft kana panotsemuka matako. Kutsemuka kunotangira padanho remuswe kana coccyx. Iyo sacrum yakakomberedzwa kumberi uye inogumira pacoccyx, iyo curvature ichinyanya kutaurwa muvakadzi kupfuura varume. Inobatanidza kuL5 lumbar vertebra nenzira ye lumbosacral joint. Iyo dhisiki iri pakati peaya mavertebrae maviri ndiyo inowanzokonzera kuderera kwemarwadzo ekudzokera shure.

1. Kune rimwe divi remubatanidzwa we lumbosacral kune mapapiro-sezvivakwa zvinozivikanwa se sacral ala, iyo inobatanidza kune iliac mapfupa uye inoumba pamusoro pejojo ​​re sacroiliac.
2. Aya mapapiro anopa kugadzikana uye simba rekufamba uye kumira.

Anatomical Variations

Iyo yakajairika anatomical variation inoshanda kune nhamba yevertebrae. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye mashanu, asi anomalies akanyorwa, kusanganisira vanhu vane mana kana matanhatu sacral vertebrae. (E. Nastoulis, nevamwe, 2019)

• Zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira sacrum pamusoro uye curvature, apo curvature inosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pevanhu.
• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, yekutanga uye yechipiri vertebrae haisanganisi uye inoramba ichitsanangurwa zvakasiyana.
• Kutadza kwemugero kuvhara zvachose panguva yekuumbwa imamiriro anozivikanwa se spina bifida.

basa

Zvidzidzo pasacrum zviri kuenderera mberi, asi mamwe mabasa akapupurirwa anosanganisira:

• Inoshanda sechitsigiro chepinipinal column kuti ibatanidze kune pelvis.
• Inopa kugadzikana kwepakati pemuviri.
• Inoita sepuratifomu yepinal column yekuzororera payakagara.
• Inobatsira kubereka, ichipa pelvic bhanhire kushanduka.
• Inotsigira huremu hwepamusoro kana wakagara kana wakamira.
• Inopa kumwe kugadzikana kwekufamba, kuenzanisa, uye kufamba.

Conditions

Iyo sacrum inogona kuva iyo huru sosi kana nzvimbo yekutarisa yekurwadziwa kwemusana. Inofungidzirwa kuti 28% yevarume uye 31.6% yevakadzi vane makore 18 kana kupfuura vakanzwa kurwadziwa kwepashure mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020) Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekurwadziwa kwesacrum zvinosanganisira.

Sacroiliitis

• Ichi ndicho chiitiko chakajairika che sacroiliac / SI kubatana kuzvimba.
• Chiremba anongoita kuongororwa apo zvimwe zvose zvinogona kukonzera marwadzo zvakabviswa, zvinozivikanwa sechirwere chekuregererwa.
• Sacroiliac joint dysfunction inofungidzirwa kuti inotora pakati pe15% ne30% yematambudziko ekurwadziwa kwepamusoro. (Guilherme Barros, Lynn McGrath, Mikhail Gelfenbeyn. 2019)

Chordoma

• Iyi imhando yegomarara remapfupa ekutanga.
• Inenge hafu yezvipembenene zvose zvinoumba mu sacrum, asi mapundu anogonawo kukura kune imwe nzvimbo mu vertebral column kana pasi pedehenya. (National Library of Medicine. 2015)

Spina Bifida

• Vanhu vanogona kuberekwa nemamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa sacrum.
• Spina bifida chirwere chekuzvarwa chinogona kubuda kubva mukusagadzikana kwesacral canal.

---

Kuvhura Zvakavanzika Zvekuzvimba

---

References

Gruss, LT, & Schmitt, D. (2015). Iko kushanduka kwepelvis yemunhu: kushandura kuchinjika kune bipedalism, obstetrics uye thermoregulation. Philosophical transactions yeRoyal Society yeLondon. Series B, Biological sciences, 370(1663), 20140063. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0063

Nastoulis, E., Karakasi, MV, Pavlidis, P., Thomaidis, V., & Fiska, A. (2019). Anatomy uye kliniki kukosha kwekusiyana kwesacral: kuongorora kwakarongeka. Folia morphologica, 78(4), 651–667. doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2019.0040

Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. QuickStats: Chikamu chevakuru vane makore 18 kana kupfuura avo vaiva nemarwadzo ekudzokera shure mumwedzi yapfuura ye3, nepabonde uye boka rezera..

Barros, G., McGrath, L., & Gelfenbeyn, M. (2019). Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction muVarwere vane Low Back Pain. Federal practitioner: yevashandi vehutano hwehutano hweVA, DoD, uye PHS, 36 (8), 370-375.

National Library yeMishonga, Chordoma.