Gender Transitioning: Kuratidza uye Kusimbisa Gender Identity

Gender transition inzira yekusimbisa uye kuratidza pfungwa dzemukati memunhu dzechikadzi kwete dzakapihwa pakuzvarwa. Kudzidza nyaya dzekuchinja kwevarume nevakadzi kunobatsira sei kutsigira LGBTQ + mharaunda?

Gender Transitioning

Shanduko yechikadzi kana kuti gender affirmation inzira yekuti transgender uye vanhu vasingawirirane nevakadzi vanoyananisa hunhu hwavo hwemukati nechimiro chavo chekunze. Inogona kutsanangurwa sebhinari - murume kana mukadzi - asi zvakare inogona kunge isiri-bhinary, zvichireva kuti munhu haasi murume kana mukadzi chete.

• The maitiro anogona kusanganisira kutaridzika kwekunaka, shanduko mumabasa emagariro, kuzivikanwa zviri pamutemo, uye / kana chimiro chemuviri..
• Social affirmation - kupfeka zvakasiyana kana kubuda kushamwari nemhuri.
• Chisimbiso chepamutemo - kushandura zita uye murume kana mukadzi pamagwaro emutemo.
• Medical affirmation - kushandisa mahormone uye / kana kuvhiyiwa kushandura zvimwe zvemuviri zvemuviri wavo.
• Transgender vanhu vanogona kutevera zvimwe kana zvese izvi.

Zvipingamupinyi

Gender transitioning inogona kudziviswa nezvipingaidzo zvakasiyana siyana zvinogona kusanganisira:

• mutengo
• Kushaya inishuwarenzi
• Kushaikwa kwemhuri, shamwari, kana rutsigiro rwemudiwa.
• Kusarura
• rusarura

Kutarisana Nezvese Zvikamu

Iyo nzira haina yakatarwa nguva uye haisi nguva dzose mutsara.

• Vazhinji transgender uye vanhukadzi-vasingawirirane vanosarudza kusimbiswa kwevakadzi kune shanduko yechikadzi nekuti shanduko inowanzotorwa kureva maitiro ekushandura muviri muviri.
• Munhu haafanire kurapwa kuti asimbise kuzivikanwa kwavo, uye vamwe vanhu vanochinja hunhu vanodzivirira mahormone kana kuvhiyiwa kwevakadzi.
• Shanduko inzira izere inotarisana nemativi ese ekuti munhu ndiani mukati uye kunze.
• Zvimwe zvekuchinja zvingave zvakakosha kupfuura zvimwe, sekuchinja zita uye murume pagwaro rekuzvarwa.
• Kuongorora patsva uye kudzokororwa kwekuzivikanwa kwevakadzi kunogona kuenderera mberi kwete nhanho-ne-nhanho, nzira imwe chete.

Kuongorora Gender Identity

Shanduko yechikadzi kazhinji inotanga mukupindura kune dysphoria yechikadzi iyo inotsanangura nguva dzose yekusagadzikana kunoitika kana murume kana murume akapihwa pakuzvarwa isingaenderane nemabatiro aanoita kana kuratidza murume wake mukati.

• Vamwe vanhu vakaona zviratidzo zve gender dysphoria vachiri 3 kana 4 makore ezera. (Selin Gülgöz, nevamwe, 2019)
• Gender dysphoria inogona kuziviswa zvakanyanya netsika yakatenderedza munhu, kunyanya mutsika umo macode akasimba anotarisisa kuti chii chinonzi murume / murume uye mukadzi / mukadzi.

Kusagadzikana Kunoratidzwa Nenzira Dzakasiyana

• Kusafarira chimiro chemunhu pabonde.
• Chido chembatya dzinopfekwa neimwe murume kana mukadzi.
• Kusada kupfeka zvipfeko zvinowanzopfekwa nemurume wavo.
• Sarudzo yezvikamu zvevakadzi-vakadzi mumutambo wekufungidzira.
• Sarudzo yakasimba yekuita zviitwa zvinowanzoitwa nemumwe murume kana murume.

Dysphoria

• Gender dysphoria inogona kubuda zvizere panguva yekuyaruka kana kuziva nezvekuti muviri wemunhu unotsanangura sei kunogadzira kushushikana kwemukati.
• Manzwiro anogona kukwidziridzwa kana munhu achitsanangurwa semutomu, kana sisi, kana kutsoropodzwa nekurwiswa nekuda kwekuita semusikana kana kuita semukomana.
• Munguva yekuyaruka, shanduko dzemuviri dzinogona kukonzera manzwiro enguva refu yekusakodzera mukati uye anogona kushanduka kuita manzwiro ekusakodzera mumiviri yavo.
• Apa ndipo apo vanhu vanogona kuita chirongwa chinonzi shanduko yemukati uye votanga kushandura maitiro avanozviona.

Gender transition/kusimbisa inova nhanho inotevera. Kuchinja hakusi kwekuchinja kana kuzvisika pachezvako asi nezvekutaura zvauri chaizvo uye kutaura kuti ndivanaani munharaunda, zviri pamutemo, uye/kana zvekurapa.

Social

Kuchinjana kwevanhu kunosanganisira matauriro anoita munhu pachena kuti munhukadzi. Shanduko inogona kusanganisira:

• Kushandura zvivakashure.
• Kushandisa zita rakasarudzwa.
• Kubuda kune shamwari, mhuri, vaunoshanda navo, nezvimwe.
• Kupfeka zvipfeko zvitsva.
• Kucheka kana kugadzira bvudzi zvakasiyana.
• Kuchinja maitiro sekufamba, kugara, nezvimwe.
• Kuchinja inzwi.
• Kusunga - kusunga chipfuva kuti uvanze mazamu.
• Kupfeka mazamu uye hudyu prosthetics kusimbisa kukombama kwechikadzi.
• Kurongedza - kupfeka penile prosthesis kugadzira bulge.
• Kutungidza – kukoira nhengo yesikarudzi kuti isaburitse.
• Kutamba mimwe mitambo
• Kutsvaga mitsetse yakasiyana yebasa.
• Kutora chikamu muzviitwa zvinogona kuonekwa semurume kana mukadzi.

zviri pamutemo

Kuchinja zviri pamutemo kunosanganisira kushandura magwaro emutemo kuti aratidze zita rakasarudzwa remunhu, murume kana mukadzi, uye zvisazita. Izvi zvinosanganisira magwaro ehurumende neasiri ehurumende anogona kusanganisira:

• Zvitupa zvekuzvarwa
• Social Security ID
• Rezinesi rekutyaira
• Passport
• Zvinyorwa zvebhangi
• Zvinyorwa zvekurapa uye mazino
• Kunyoresa kwevavhoti
• Chitupa ID
• Zviga zvinobvumira shanduko zvinogona kusiyana nenyika.
• Dzimwe nyika dzinongobvumira shanduko kana kuvhiyiwa kwepasi - kuvakwazve kwesikarudzi kuchiitwa.
• Vamwe vanozobvumira shanduko pasina chero nzira yekuvhiya-inosimbisa kuti murume nemukadzi.
• Dzimwe nyika dzatanga kupa X-gender sarudzo kune vasiri mabhinari vanhu. (Wesley M King, Kristi E Gamarel. 2021)

Medical

Kuchinja kwekurapa kunowanzo sanganisira kurapa kwehomoni kukudziridza humwe hunhu hwemurume kana mukadzi. Zvinogonawo kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa kushandura zvimwe zvinhu zvemuviri zvakasanganiswa nehomoni therapy.

• Hormone therapy inobatsira vanhu kuti vataridzike zvakanyanya senge murume kana mukadzi.
• Anogona kushandiswa ega uye anogona zvakare kushandiswa pamberi pekuvhiyiwa kwevakadzi.

Hormone therapy inotora maitiro maviri:

Transgender Varume

• Testosterone inotorwa kuti ibatsire kudzika izwi, kuwedzera mhasuru, kusimudzira muviri uye bvudzi rechiso, uye kuwedzera clitoris. (MS Irwig, K Vana, AB Hancock. 2017)

Transgender Vakadzi

• Estrogen inotorwa pamwe chete ne testosterone blockers kugoverazve mafuta emuviri, kuwedzera saizi yezamu, kuderedza mhanza yemurume, uye kuderedza saizi ye testicle. (Vin Tangpricha 1, Martin den Heijer. 2017)

Surgery

Kuvhiyiwa kwekuti murume kana mukadzi kunoenderana nechitarisiko chemunhu kune hunhu hwavo. Zvipatara zvakawanda zvinopa kuvhiyiwa kwevakadzi kuburikidza nedhipatimendi remishonga yetransgender. Nzira dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

• Kuvhiyiwa kwechiso - Kuvhiya kwechiso chevakadzi.
• Breast augmentation - Inowedzera saizi yemazamu nemaimplants.
• Chest masculinization - Inobvisa contours yematishu emazamu.
• Kuveurwa kwetracheal – Kunoderedza apuro raAdhamu.
• Phalloplasty - kugadzirwa kwenhengo yesikarudzi.
• Orchiectomy - Kubviswa kwemachende.
• Scrotoplasty - Kuvaka scrotum.
• Vaginoplasty - Kuvakwa kwegero remukadzi.
• Vulvoplasty - Kuvakwa kwekunze kwemukadzi genitalia.

Migwagwa yemigwagwa

• Transgender vanhu vanodzivirirwa kubva kune yeruzhinji uye yakavanzika inishuwarenzi rusarura pasi pemitemo yemubatanidzwa neyenyika, kusanganisira Medicare neMedicaid. (National Center yeTransgender Equality. 2021)
• Zvirongwa zveMedicaid mumatunhu mapfumbamwe haavhare marapirwo ekurapa anosimbisa murume kana murume, uye Illinois neMaine chete ndivo vanopa hutano hwakakwana hunokurudzirwa neWorld Professional Association yeTransgender Health/WPATH. (Kaiser Family Foundation. 2022)
• Medicare hainawo mutemo unowirirana maererano nemvumo yekuvhiyiwa kwevakadzi.
• Inotsamira pane zvinotangira mumatunhu ega ega kutungamira kuti kurapwa kwatenderwa here kana kuti kwete. (Center yeMedicare uye Medicaid Services. 2016)
• Muinishuwarenzi yakavanzika, vapeji vazhinji vakabvisa zvirambidzo pakutarisira-vakadzi.
• Mainishuwarenzi akakura seAetna neCigna anowanzo vhara huwandu hwakawanda hwesevhisi, yakazara kana chikamu.
• Madiki mainishuwarenzi anogona kusavhara maoparesheni uye anongovhara zvinhu zvakaita sehomoni kurapwa. (Transgender Legal Defense uye Dzidzo Fund. 2023)
• Chimwe chipingamupinyi mumigwagwa ndeyekuserwa nerusarura.
• Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti inopfuura hafu yeva transgender vanoti vanoshungurudzwa kana kushungurudzwa pamberi peruzhinji. (National Center yeTransgender Equality uye National Gay uye Lesbian Task Force. 2011)
• Vamwe vanotaura kusatenderwa kwemhuri kana mudiwa sechikonzero chikuru nei vachirega kuvimbisa kuti murume nemukadzi. (Jack L. Turban, et al., 2021)

Kana iwe uchiziva mumwe munhu ari transgender kana ari kufunga nezvekuchinja, kudzidza nezve gender uye gender shanduko uye maitiro ekutsigira inzira yakanaka yekuve mubatsiri.

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Kuvandudza Mararamiro Ako

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References

Gülgöz, S., Glazier, JJ, Enright, EA, Alonso, DJ, Durwood, LJ, Fast, AA, Lowe, R., Ji, C., Heer, J., Martin, CL, & Olson, KR (2019) ) Kufanana mune transgender uye cisgender kukura kwevakadzi kwevana. Nyaya dzeNational Academy yeScience yeUnited States of America, 116(49), 24480–24485. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909367116

Irwig, MS, Vana, K., & Hancock, AB (2017). Mhedzisiro ye testosterone pane transgender murume izwi. Andrology, 5(1), 107–112. doi.org/10.1111/andr.12278

Tangpricha, V., & den Heijer, M. (2017). Estrogen uye anti-androgen kurapwa kwevakadzi ve transgender. The Lancet. Chirwere cheshuga & endocrinology, 5 (4), 291-300. doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30319-9

National Center yeTransgender Equality. Ziva Kodzero Dzako Muhutano Hwehutano.

Kaiser Family Foundation. Update pamusoro peMedicaid yekuvhara yehutano-inosimbisa hutano mabasa.

Center yeMedicare uye Medicaid Services. Gender dysphoria uye gender reassignment kuvhiyiwa.

Transgender Legal Defense uye Dzidzo Fund. Inishuwarenzi yehutano mitemo yezvokurapa.

National Center yeTransgender Equality uye National Gay uye Lesbian Task Force. Kusarongeka panguva Yese: Chirevo cheNational Transgender Discrimination Survey.

Turban, JL, Loo, SS, Almazan, AN, & Keuroghlian, AS (2021). Zvinhu Zvinotungamira ku "Detransition" Pakati peTransgender uye Gender Vakasiyana Vanhu muUnited States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. LGBT hutano, 8(4), 273–280. doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2020.0437